January 12th, 2009
- No two places on earth are exactly the same, why?
- Climactic condition:
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- Humidity
- Heat
- Elevation
- Latitude
- Soil type
- Non-biotic
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- Self-regulation
- Communication
- Nature-balance?
- Biotic
- Biomes/Major Ecosystems:
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- Forest
- Desert
- Grassland
- Tundra
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- Insulation
- Air pressure
- Air mass
- Precipitation
- Temperature
- mT-marine tropical
- mC- marine continental
- high pressure/low pressure
- El Nino/Southern Oscillation
- Classifications pp. 281
- Koppen system
- Boundaries-related to air masses, but subject to shift at edges, see p. 285
- Paleo climatology –pollen courts
- Climate Change Lecture
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- Stepiup.irg this weekend
- Reduction of 80% of CO2 by 2050
- No half measures
- We have ten years to fundamentally transform our economy, and lead the world in the same direction or “face a totally different planet”
- Campus climate challenge: 100% clean energy at our school
- And so we see how the climate shifting can affect small things which may affect larger things (microclimate)
- Ends with global warming consideration of which we have discussed at length
- The area w/most concern is the arctic melting ice
- Ch. 10: Climate-Biomes/Ecosystems:
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- Primary producers, primary consumers, secondary, tertiary, top predator
- Habitat, conversation, #1 cause, invasive species
- Size of shape = theory of biogeography of islands or of parcels of land
- Genetic fitness decrease with inbreeding-bottleneck example
- As habitat shrinks-less individuals around, resulting in the 6h great extinction, which we are engaged with and responsible for
- Ch. 11: Systems Thinking:
- Endogenic system;
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- Deep in the earth radioactive decay of elements created heat via convection
- Move, warp fracture the upper earth
- These events can be catastrophic-huge instantaneous events that created mountains, valleys, volcanoes, islands
- And so the theory of catastrophe didn’t require eons and so the world could have been formed in 5000 years or so
- Fundamentalists, uniformitarianism, slow change, not as before
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- 46 billions years ago, the earth conjualeded and sorted out by density
- Heavier matter sinking into the center of the earth, like iron
- Solid iron core
- Liquid iron outer core
- Lower mantle, upper mantle, athenosphere, lithosphere-uppermost, silica at top
- The Dynamic Planet:
- Lithosphere
- Just as the atmosphere was layered, so is the earth
- Heated core of molten
- Geologic Time Scale
- Begin 4.567 billion years old
- 30 million old, earth was slammed by impact asteroid
- Carved out the material that coalesced into the moon
- The time scale of life: 88% of all time on earth
- 540 million years ago MYA
- 100 bacteria evolved –Precambrian (6 major cataclysmic extinctions of almost all life forms)
- 440 MYA first invertebrates evolved-Cambrian
- The Poem
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- Inner core
- Molten iron-perhaps a single enormous crystal, 5500-12000 F, 1400 miles
- Outer core
- fluid-reverses magnetism
- converts thermal and gravitational energy into magnetism
- reverses polarity
- 9 times in last 4 million years/500,000 years
- Magnetic field protects against cosmic radiation and solar wind
- The mantles- Lower and upper
- 80% of earth’s volume
- Rich in oxides
- Lithosphere- crust 0.43, 43-70 km thick
- Asthenosphere-weak-plastic of molten rock from radioactive decay
- Conversion currents move moisture, rocks, slowly deforms crust
- Hotspots develop like pimples, bring molten rock to the surface-eruption in Hawaii, also thought to be connected to deep pipes in lower mantle
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- Continental-granite
- Oceanic-basalt
- Irregular-brittle layer that floats on hotter, more dense rock
- 5 Layers “Everything Changes, Nothing’s the same”
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- 40-75 km thick-Lithosphere, crust uppermost mantle
- Asthenosphere-irregularly molten
- Outer mantle
- Inner mantle
- Outer core
- Inner core
- Crust is brittle, fractured into larger plates, laying over dynamic core
- Reverse of magnetism every 500,000 years
- Small magnetic particles align in the molten state
- Seismic caves travel differently through different material, thickness or viscosity
- Oceanic Crust is 3 miles thick-basalt
- Continental crust is 19 miles thick-granite
- Mountain building-erosion
- Isostasy-weight rebound, elasticity
- Everything changes in the geologic cycle:
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- Hydrologic
- Rock cycle
- Tectonic cycle
- Rock Cycle: (field trip forms)
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- 8 elements = 99% crust
- O2 + silicon = 74 %
- O2- reactive-atmospheric gas, 47% in Rx, 21% in air
- Minerals:
- 4200 chemicals in formation
- Rocks:
- Assemblage of minerals or mishmash
- Defined by their origins:
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- Igneous-melted
- Sedimentary-settled out of H2O
- Metamorphic-altered by heat and pressure
- Igneous:
- five formed from magma liquid rock that intrudes into other Rx lava-extrudes to the surface
- 90% of crust
- Batholiths-intrusive rock body like origin of Yosemite
- Sedimentary:
- Rocks once uplifted and exposed to the hydrologic cycle
- Rock begins to disintegrate over time
- Glaciers, water and wind move mass
- Sandstone-physically laid down, shale = mud, limestone = CaCO3, dissolved solution
- Strata-graphy-like a book
- Metamorphic Rocks
- Plate Tectonics:
- Triassic Period-225 MYA = Pangaea-super continent
- Pan = means all, gea = geo = earth, all one earth
- Mid latitude coal deposits
- Construction:
- Sea floor spreading-linked by a submarine mountain range around the globe called the mid oceanic ridge
- Mechanism?
- Magma convection brings hot rock to the surface and breaks the crust
- So youngest crust is at the cracks
- Oldest is seafloor, 208 MYA, older rock is gone
- Ocean trenches-plunging lithosphere beneath the continental plates
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Прошу прощения, что я Вас прерываю, но мне необходимо немного больше информации….
администратор/медицинский работник/консультант-продавец/менеджер Paleo climatology –pollen courts
Climate Change Lecture
Stepiup.irg this weekend
Reduction of 80% […….